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}} ''London Calling'' is the third studio album by English punk rock band the Clash. It was released in the United Kingdom on 14 December 1979 by CBS Records, and in the United States in January 1980 by Epic Records.〔Frank Hoffmann (2005). "Encyclopedia of Recorded Sound". p. 397. Routledge〕 ''London Calling'' is a post-punk album that incorporates a range of styles, including punk, reggae, rockabilly, ska, New Orleans R&B, pop, lounge jazz, and hard rock. The album's subject matter included social displacement, unemployment, racial conflict, drug use, and the responsibilities of adulthood.〔Sinclair, Tom. ("The Best Album of All Time" ). ''Entertainment Weekly''. 24 September 2004. Retrieved 20 February 2008.〕 The album received widespread acclaim and was ranked at number eight on ''Rolling Stones list of The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time in 2003.〔 ''London Calling'' was a top ten album in the UK, and its lead single "London Calling" was a top 20 single.〔("UK Chart Archive" ). everyHit.co.uk. Retrieved 17 February 2008.〕 It has sold over five million copies worldwide,〔 and was certified platinum in the United States.〔("RIAA Searchable Database" ). Recording Industry Association of America. Retrieved 17 February 2008.〕 ==Recording and production== After recording their second studio album ''Give 'Em Enough Rope'' (1978), the band separated from their manager Bernard Rhodes.〔Gilbert 2005, pp. 212–213.〕 This separation meant that the group had to leave their rehearsal studio in Camden Town and find another location to compose their music. Drawing inspiration from rockabilly, ska, reggae and jazz,〔 the band began work on the album during the summer of 1979. Tour manager Johnny Green had found the group a new place to rehearse called Vanilla Studios, which was located in the back of a garage in Pimlico.〔Green 2003, p. 156.〕〔Sweeting, Adam. "Death or Glory". ''Uncut''. October 2004. p. 58.〕 The Clash quickly wrote and recorded demos, with Mick Jones composing and arranging much of the music and Joe Strummer writing the lyrics.〔 As early as their second album, the Clash had started to depart from the punk rock sound.〔 While touring in the United States twice in 1979, they chose supporting acts such as rhythm and blues artists Bo Diddley, Sam & Dave, Lee Dorsey, and Screamin' Jay Hawkins, as well as neotraditional country artist Joe Ely and punk rockabilly band the Cramps. This developed fascination with rock and roll inspired their approach for ''London Calling''. In August 1979, the band entered Wessex Studios to begin recording ''London Calling''. The Clash asked Guy Stevens to produce the album, much to the dismay of CBS Records.〔Gilbert 2005, p. 235.〕 Stevens had alcohol and drug problems and his production methods were unconventional.〔 During a recording session he swung a ladder and upturned chairs – apparently to create a rock & roll atmosphere.〔 The Clash got along well with Stevens, especially bassist Paul Simonon, who found his work to be very helpful and productive to his playing and their recording as a band. In between recording sessions, the band would play football to pass the time. This was a way for them to bond together as well as take their mind off of the music, and the games got very serious. Doing this helped bring the band together, unifying them, making the recording process easier and more productive.〔''Making of 'London Calling': The Last Testament''. Dir. Don Letts. Perf. Joe Strummer, Mick Jones, Paul Simonon, Topper Headon, and Kosmo Vinyl. Sony Music, 2004. DVD.〕 The album was recorded during a five- to six-week period involving 18-hour days, with many songs recorded in one or two takes.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「London Calling」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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